A prescription reads: amoxicillin 250 mg/5 mL suspension, 500 mg three times daily for 10 days. How many millilitres should you dispense?
300 mL Each 500 mg dose is 10 mL, because 250 mg is in 5 mL. That's 30 mL a day for 10 days, so 300 mL.
A patient takes metformin 500 mg, 1 tablet twice daily. You dispense 180 tablets. How many days will the supply last?
90 days The patient uses 2 tablets a day. 180 tablets divided by 2 a day is 90 days.
A child weighs 20 kg. The dose is acetaminophen 15 mg/kg per dose, and you have a suspension of 160 mg/5 mL. How many millilitres is one dose?
9.4 mL The dose is 20 kg × 15 mg/kg = 300 mg. The suspension has 32 mg in each mL (160 ÷ 5), so 300 ÷ 32 = 9.375 mL, about 9.4 mL.
How many millilitres of a 10% stock solution do you need to make 500 mL of a 2% solution?
100 mL Use C1 × V1 = C2 × V2. 10% × V1 = 2% × 500 mL, so V1 = 1,000 ÷ 10 = 100 mL. You then add diluent up to 500 mL.
An order is for 1,000 mL of normal saline to run over 8 hours. What is the flow rate in mL per hour?
125 mL/h Flow rate is volume divided by time: 1,000 mL ÷ 8 h = 125 mL/h.
What do the directions '1 tab po bid prn' mean?
Take 1 tablet by mouth twice daily as needed 'po' means by mouth, 'bid' means twice a day and 'prn' means as needed. The label should spell this out in plain words.
What is a DIN on a Canadian drug product?
An 8-digit number Health Canada assigns to a drug product approved for sale A Drug Identification Number is the 8-digit number Health Canada assigns to a drug product it has authorized for sale. It identifies the exact product, including manufacturer, strength and dosage form, so checking it is a key part of dispensing accuracy.
Before you hand over a filled prescription, what is the best way to make sure it goes to the right patient?
Confirm at least two identifiers, such as full name and date of birth Using two patient identifiers, like full name and date of birth (or address), is the standard safety check at release. A leading question like 'Are you here for Smith?' invites a wrong 'yes'.
A stock bottle is labelled 'EXP 06/2027'. When does it expire?
At the end of the last day of June 2027 When an expiry date shows only a month and year, the product is good through the last day of that month, so June 30, 2027.
When you add a powder to an ointment base, why might you first mix it with a little mineral oil?
To levigate it: reduce grittiness so it blends smoothly into the base Levigation means grinding a powder with a small amount of a liquid it doesn't dissolve in, like mineral oil. It breaks down particles so the final ointment feels smooth, not gritty.
You need to mix 100 mg of a potent drug evenly into 50 g of a powder diluent. What method should you use?
Geometric dilution: mix the drug with an equal amount of diluent, then keep doubling Geometric dilution mixes the drug with an equal amount of diluent, then adds diluent equal to the mixture each time. It gives an even blend when a small amount of drug goes into a large amount of diluent.
In sterile compounding, what is 'first air'?
Air that comes straight from the HEPA filter before it touches anything First air is the clean air coming directly out of the HEPA filter. Nothing, including your hands, should block it between the filter and the critical sites like needle hubs and vial tops.
What is the generic name for Synthroid?
Levothyroxine Synthroid is a brand of levothyroxine, a thyroid hormone used for hypothyroidism.
Metoprolol belongs to which drug class?
Beta blockers Drugs ending in -olol, like metoprolol and atenolol, are beta blockers. They're used for high blood pressure, angina and heart rhythm problems.
Which of these is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)?
Pantoprazole Pantoprazole is a PPI. PPIs end in -prazole and strongly reduce stomach acid.
Which of these is a narcotic under Canada's federal drug law?
Oxycodone Oxycodone is an opioid narcotic controlled under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Lorazepam is controlled too, but as a benzodiazepine (a targeted substance), not a narcotic.
Under the NAPRA National Drug Schedules, where are Schedule III drugs kept?
In the pharmacy's self-selection area, with a pharmacist available Schedule III drugs can be sold from the self-selection area of a pharmacy, under a pharmacist's supervision. Schedule II drugs are kept with no public access, and Schedule I drugs need a prescription.
Which federal list identifies the medicinal ingredients that need a prescription in Canada?
The Prescription Drug List Health Canada's Prescription Drug List names the medicinal ingredients that require a prescription for human or veterinary use. Provinces may add their own rules on top.
Why should you never write 'U' for units, as in '10 U insulin'?
It can be misread as a zero or a 4, causing a tenfold or larger overdose A handwritten 'U' can look like a 0 or a 4, so '10 U' can become '100'. ISMP Canada lists it as a dangerous abbreviation. Write 'unit' in full.
Hydroxyzine and hydralazine are a well-known example of what kind of error risk?
Look-alike, sound-alike drug names Hydroxyzine (an antihistamine) and hydralazine (a blood pressure drug) look and sound alike. Pharmacies use tactics like tall man lettering, separate shelving and reading the full name to avoid mix-ups.