Montana · Permit test

Montana driver’s test: the MVD written knowledge test

It’s the written knowledge test you take with a vision test at a Motor Vehicle Division (MVD) driver exam station, and passing both gets you a learner permit. The MVD’s study guide is the Montana Driver Manual, which says you can’t pass the written or road part of the Montana driver’s test without knowing what’s in it.

  • 3Tries at your tests on one receipt
  • 20/40Vision needed, in at least one eye
  • Exam stationWhere you take it, by appointment

Key facts

At a glance

Who runs it
The Motor Vehicle Division (MVD), part of the Montana Department of Justice
Who takes it
Anyone getting a first Montana license, at any age. With a valid license from another state, you may not have to
What it covers
Reading and understanding highway signs, and Montana’s traffic laws
Study guide
The Montana Driver Manual, a free PDF from the MVD

How it works

How the Montana driver’s test works

  1. You book an appointment at a Motor Vehicle Division (MVD) driver exam station. The appointments page explains how.
  2. At the appointment you show your documents, pay the license fee and take the vision test and the written test.
  3. By state law, the written test checks that you can read and understand highway signs and that you know Montana’s traffic laws.
  4. Pass both, and the MVD issues your learner permit, so supervised driving can start. The road test comes later, once you’ve met the permit rules for your age.
  5. In a state-approved traffic education course, you can get the permit through your instructor instead. The where-to-learn page explains that route.
  6. Under 18, a parent, guardian or responsible adult signs a consent form before testing can begin. The permit page explains what that signature means.

Topics

What the manual’s chapters cover

The seven study chapters of the manual, with key rules from each.

01

Licenses, permits and graduated licensing

Chapter 1 of the manual covers the license types, who can apply, the documents, the three-step graduated driver licensing (GDL) program for drivers under 18, fees and renewal.

Key points (4)
  • A Class D license covers any non-commercial vehicle under 26,000 pounds gross vehicle weight.
  • Under 18, you hold a learner permit for at least six months and log 50 hours of supervised driving, 10 of them at night, before a first-year restricted license.
  • On a first-year restricted license you may not drive between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m., apart from limited exceptions such as emergencies, farm work, school, church or work.
  • You must tell the Driver Services Bureau within 10 days when your address changes.
02

Vehicle equipment, belts and child seats

Chapter 2 covers checking your vehicle, the equipment Montana law requires, adjusting your seat and mirrors, safety belts and child restraints.

Key points (4)
  • Headlights must light up people and vehicles 350 feet ahead on high beam and 100 feet ahead on low beam.
  • Dim your high beams within 1,000 feet of an oncoming vehicle and within 500 feet of one you’re following.
  • Every occupant must wear a properly fastened safety belt, and the law makes the driver responsible for it.
  • Children up to age 6 and 60 pounds ride in a child safety seat, and children under 13 should ride in the back seat whenever possible.
03

Signs, signals and pavement markings

Chapter 3 teaches signs by shape and color, then traffic signals, roundabouts, railroad crossings and the lines on the road.

Key points (4)
  • Warning signs are black and yellow and usually diamond shaped, and the railroad crossing ahead sign is the only round warning sign.
  • A flashing red signal means the same as a stop sign, and a flashing yellow arrow lets you turn left after yielding to oncoming traffic and pedestrians.
  • In a roundabout, traffic moves counterclockwise at 15 mph or less, and you yield to vehicles already in the circle.
  • When a train is coming, stop no less than 15 feet from the nearest rail.
04

Driving rules, right-of-way and parking

Chapter 4 covers speed limits, passing, turning, who yields to whom, school buses, bicyclists, parking and insurance.

Key points (4)
  • Signal 100 feet before a turn in town and 300 feet before one on a rural road.
  • For cars, the posted limits run up to 80 mph on interstates, and 70 mph by day and 65 mph at night on two-lane highways.
  • Stop at least 30 feet from a school bus with its red lights flashing, from either direction, and stay stopped until the lights go off.
  • Don’t park within 15 feet of a fire hydrant, within 30 feet of a stop sign, yield sign or signal, or within 50 feet of a railroad crossing.
05

Seeing, speed and space

Chapter 5 covers distractions, scanning the road, night driving, signaling, adjusting speed to the road and keeping space around your vehicle.

Key points (4)
  • Look at least 10 seconds ahead: about one block in the city, or a quarter of a mile on the highway.
  • Keep at least three seconds behind the vehicle ahead, and you may need four seconds on slippery roads, behind motorcycles and when it’s hard to see.
  • On a wet road, slow down by about 10 mph, and on packed snow, cut your speed in half.
  • If you can’t stop or avoid an animal in the road, don’t swerve sharply, and look for more animals once you see one.
06

Vision, alcohol and fitness to drive

Chapter 6 covers vision, hearing, fatigue, alcohol, other drugs, health conditions and emotions, plus advice for senior drivers.

Key points (4)
  • To pass the vision test you need at least 20/40 vision in at least one eye, with or without corrective lenses.
  • The legal limit is a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08, or 0.02 for a driver under 21.
  • If a police officer asks you to take a BAC test, you must, and refusing can cost you your license.
  • The average body processes one alcoholic drink in an hour, so only time sobers a driver up.
07

Emergencies, crashes and traffic stops

Chapter 7 covers vehicle failures, avoiding a collision, what to do at a crash, emergency vehicles and what to do when police pull you over.

Key points (4)
  • If your brakes fail, pump the pedal, then pull the parking brake slowly, then shift to lower gears.
  • On a highway posted at 50 mph or more, slow to at least 20 mph below the limit in the lane next to a stopped emergency vehicle showing its signals.
  • Report a crash to law enforcement right away if anyone is hurt or killed, or if the damage is $500 or more.
  • When an officer pulls you over, signal right, move onto the right shoulder and stay inside with your hands in clear view.

Road signs

Road signs in the Montana Driver Manual

In the manual, warning signs are black and yellow and usually diamond shaped, and the railroad crossing ahead sign is the only round one. Regulatory signs tell you what to do and are mostly white rectangles with black words or symbols.

  • Red octagon with white border and the word STOP in whiteStop: the only eight-sided sign. Stop completely, before the crosswalk if there is one
  • Downward-pointing red triangle with white center and the word YIELD in redYield: slow down and yield to all vehicles on the road you’re entering
  • Red circle with a white horizontal bar on a white square, reading DO NOT ENTERDo not enter: a one-way road, or no vehicles allowed
  • Black U-turn arrow inside a red circle with a red slashNo U-turn at this intersection
  • Yellow diamond with three black arrows forming a counter-clockwise circleRoundabout ahead: yield to vehicles already in the circle
  • Yellow diamond with a car and two S-shaped skid marksSlippery when wet: slow down and don’t brake hard
  • Yellow diamond with a black leaping deerDeer crossing: be alert, and slow down if you see a deer
  • Yellow diamond with a truck on a downhill slopeHill: a steep grade ahead, so check your brakes
  • Round yellow sign with a black X and two letters RRailroad crossing ahead: the only round warning sign
  • White X-shaped crossbuck reading RAILROAD CROSSINGRailroad crossbuck, found at all public crossings
  • Orange diamond with a black flagger symbol holding a flagFlagger ahead: follow the flagger’s directions
  • Fluorescent orange triangle with a red reflective borderSlow-moving vehicle, normally at 25 mph or less

Free practice test

20 practice questions from the Montana Driver Manual

These 20 questions are written from the Montana Driver Manual. The MVD doesn’t publish how many questions its test has or what score passes, so the bar here is our own target: 15 of 20, which is 75%. Five questions show a sign, a signal or a road marking. After each answer, the tutor can explain it another way or tell you why the other choices are wrong.

Question 1 of 20

You’re 16 with a learner permit. How much supervised driving must you log before you can apply for a first-year restricted license?

20 practice questions in the style of the permit test.

Test day

What to bring to the written test

  • Proof of identity: two documents, either two primary ones or one primary and one secondary, such as a certified birth certificate and a Social Security card
  • Proof of authorized presence in the U.S., such as a certified U.S. birth certificate or a valid U.S. passport
  • Proof of Montana residency, such as a utility bill, bank statement or pay stub dated within the last four months, or a rental agreement signed by your landlord
  • Payment for the license fee, in cash, by check or by credit or debit card. The manual says American Express isn’t accepted

Before you go

  1. Work through the Montana Driver Manual with the study plan on the where-to-learn page.
  2. Check that the full legal name and date of birth you’ll use match the Social Security Administration’s records. The MVD checks them with the agency.
  3. Bring hard copies. A birth certificate must come from a government agency, and one issued by a hospital isn’t accepted.
  4. You may be able to pre-apply online; the appointments page says where.
See the MVD’s license stepsThe MVD’s page links its steps for drivers under 18, drivers 18 or older and drivers moving to Montana.

Study options

Where to study

Start with the manual. The other two are courses you take in person.

OptionPriceFree to useLinks
Official sources
Montana Driver ManualOfficial · PDFThe MVD’s study guide for the written knowledge test, in nine chapters, with a REAL ID checklist at the back.
FreeThe whole manual, with a quiz and answers for chapters 1 to 7
In person
State-approved traffic educationIn person · through school districtsApproved by the Office of Public Instruction and the Department of Justice. The MVD’s page for drivers under 18 links its Teen Driving Log and its Guide to Teen Driving.
Not listedNot listed
Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF) Basic Rider CourseIn person · Montana-approved coursePassing a Montana-approved course and showing the card may get the motorcycle skills test waived. The motorcycle license page explains the rules.
Not listedNot listed

Prices and ratings checked November 2026.

FAQ

Common questions

How many questions are on the Montana driver’s test?

The MVD doesn’t publish the number of questions or the pass mark, and the Montana Driver Manual doesn’t give them either. The manual’s own advice is to study it closely, because it holds the rules you need for the written and road tests.

What happens if I fail the Montana permit test?

You can take it again on the same licensing receipt, which covers three attempts to pass all the exams you need within a year. Receipts can’t be renewed, so if you haven’t passed every test by then, you re-apply and start the licensing process over.

Do I need my Social Security card for the Montana driver’s test?

Not as proof of your number. You don’t have to show proof of your Social Security number, but you need to know it so the MVD can verify it at your appointment. A Social Security card can count as one of your secondary identity documents, though.

Can I take the Montana permit test online?

The MVD’s pages describe it only at a driver exam station, by appointment, with the vision test on the same visit. You can study online, though, because the manual is a free PDF.

All 20 practice questions with answersA printable list of the practice test above
  1. You’re 16 with a learner permit. How much supervised driving must you log before you can apply for a first-year restricted license?

    50 hours, with 10 of them at night Under 18, you need at least 50 hours of supervised driving, including 10 hours at night, before you move up to a first-year restricted license. A parent, legal guardian or responsible adult logs the hours.

  2. For the first six months of a first-year restricted license, with no licensed driver 18 or older supervising, how many unrelated passengers under 18 may ride with you?

    Just one unrelated passenger under 18 For the first six months of a first-year restricted license, unless a licensed driver 18 or older supervises, you may have only one unrelated passenger under 18. For the second six months, the limit rises to three.

  3. You hold a first-year restricted license. Apart from the listed exceptions, when may you not drive?

    Between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m. Teen drivers on a first-year restricted license may not drive between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m. The exceptions include emergencies, farm-related activities, travel to and from school, church or work, and purposes a parent, guardian or responsible adult authorizes.

  4. Under Montana law, which children must ride in a child safety seat?

    Children up to age 6 and 60 pounds Babies and children up to age 6 and 60 pounds must be buckled into a child safety seat. Booster seats are recommended for older children until the car’s lap and shoulder belt fits properly.

  5. Within what distance of an oncoming vehicle must you dim your high beams?

    1,000 feet Dim your high beams within 1,000 feet of an oncoming vehicle. When you follow another vehicle, dim them within 500 feet.

  6. Yellow diamond with a black leaping deer

    You see this sign on a rural highway. What should you do?

    Watch for deer and slow if you see one This sign marks an area where deer often cross the highway. Stay alert, slow down if you see a deer, and look for more, because deer travel in herds.

  7. Four-section left-turn signal with the flashing yellow arrow lit

    You want to turn left, and this signal is showing for your lane. What may you do?

    Turn after yielding to traffic and pedestrians A flashing yellow arrow means left turns are allowed, but you must first yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians. Oncoming traffic has a green light, so wait for a safe gap.

  8. White X-shaped crossbuck reading RAILROAD CROSSING

    You reach this sign and a train is coming. Where must you stop?

    No less than 15 feet from the nearest rail When a train is coming, stop as close to the crossing as practicable, but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail. Cross only when it’s safe and there’s room for your vehicle on the far side.

  9. Two-way road with a solid yellow line on the right-hand lane side and a broken yellow line beside it; no passing from the right-hand lane

    You’re on a two-lane road and see this center line marking. May you pass the car ahead here?

    No, passing isn’t allowed from your lane Where a solid and a dashed yellow line run side by side, you may not pass if the solid line is on your side. Drivers on the dashed side may pass when it’s safe.

  10. Yellow diamond with three black arrows forming a counter-clockwise circle

    This sign warns you of the intersection ahead. Once you get there, who has the right-of-way?

    Vehicles already in the circle In a roundabout, yield to vehicles already in the circle, because they have the right-of-way. Traffic moves counterclockwise, at 15 mph or less.

  11. On a rural road, how far before a turn should you start signaling?

    300 feet Use your turn signal 100 feet before a turn in town and 300 feet before a turn on a rural road. Signaling gives other drivers time to react to your moves.

  12. How close to a fire hydrant may you park?

    No closer than 15 feet Don’t park within 15 feet of a fire hydrant. The manual gives other distances too, such as 30 feet from a stop sign or signal and 50 feet from a railroad crossing.

  13. You’re passing a bicyclist on a two-lane highway, and nothing is coming the other way. How much room does the manual recommend?

    Five feet If there’s no oncoming traffic, carefully cross the center line to give the cyclist a recommended five feet. If traffic is coming, slow to the cyclist’s speed and wait until it’s safe to pass.

  14. In normal conditions, what following distance does the manual tell you to keep?

    At least 3 seconds Use the three-second rule: when the vehicle ahead passes a fixed point, count the seconds until you reach it. If you get there before you count three, you’re following too closely.

  15. The road ahead is covered with packed snow. How much does the manual tell you to cut your speed?

    By about one half On packed snow, cut your speed in half. On a wet road, slow down by about 10 mph, and on ice, slow to a crawl.

  16. You want to merge into traffic. About how big a gap do you need?

    About four seconds You need a gap of about four seconds whenever you merge, change lanes or enter a roadway. If you move into the middle of it, you and the car behind you each have two seconds.

  17. You’re 19. What blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the legal limit for you?

    0.02 The BAC limit for a driver under 21 is 0.02, and for older drivers it’s 0.08. You can also be arrested for driving under the influence.

  18. What does Montana’s vision test check that you have?

    20/40 in at least one eye Montana requires you to pass a vision test before you get a license. It checks that you have at least 20/40 vision in at least one eye, with or without glasses or contact lenses.

  19. On a highway posted at 70 mph, you’re in the lane next to a patrol car stopped with its lights flashing. What’s the fastest you may pass it?

    50 mph On a highway posted at 50 mph or more, slow to at least 20 mph below the limit in the lane next to a stopped emergency or police vehicle showing its signals. When you can, move to a lane farther away.

  20. A police officer signals you to pull over. What does the manual say to do first?

    Turn on your right turn signal Turn on your right turn signal to show the officer you’ve seen them, then move onto the right shoulder. Stay in the car with your hands in clear view unless the officer tells you otherwise.

Sources: Montana Motor Vehicle Division · Montana Legislature and 4 more. Checked November 2026.

Rules and fees can change, so check the official site before your test.