Washington · Permit test

Washington permit test

Washington has no DMV. The Department of Licensing (DOL) runs driver licensing, and its written knowledge test is 40 multiple-choice questions with 32 needed to pass. You take it in person at a driver training school, testing location or licensing office, from 15 if you're in driver training or 15 and a half if you're not. Below is a free 20-question practice test written from the Washington Driver Guide.

  • 40Multiple-choice questions
  • 32Correct answers needed to pass (80%)
  • 12Languages the test is offered in
  • 2 yearsHow long a passing score stays valid

Key facts

At a glance

Who gives it
Washington State Department of Licensing (DOL), often called the WA DMV, through approved schools, testing locations and licensing offices
Minimum age
15 with driver training, 15 and a half without it
Where you take it
In person only. Each testing location sets its own test fee
Learner permit fee
$35 for 1 year, renewable twice, as of October 2026
Languages
12, including English, Spanish, Russian, Vietnamese, Punjabi and Ukrainian

How it works

The DOL written knowledge test: 40 multiple-choice questions, 32 to pass

  1. The knowledge test is 40 multiple-choice questions, and you need 32 right to pass.
  2. You take it in person at an approved driver training school or testing location, or at a driver licensing office that offers testing. There's no online version.
  3. Each testing location sets its own fee, so ask when you book.
  4. It's offered in English, Spanish, Traditional Chinese, Korean, Russian, Vietnamese, Japanese, Arabic, Simplified Chinese, Punjabi, Tagalog and Ukrainian. Check that your location offers your language.
  5. If you fail, you may have to wait before retesting. DOL doesn't publish the waiting period.
  6. A pass is good for 2 years.
  7. Once you pass, you apply for the learner permit online and pay the $35 fee, as of October 2026.

Topics

What’s on the test

01

Learner permits and the intermediate license

Washington teens go from a learner permit to an intermediate license, which turns into a regular license at 18. Getting a license before 18 means taking an approved driver training course.

Key points (4)
  • With driver training, you can apply for a permit at 15. Without it, you take the knowledge test at 15 and a half and wait until 18 for a license.
  • On a permit, you drive with a licensed driver who has at least 5 years of experience.
  • Teens need 40 hours of daytime and 10 hours of nighttime practice before an intermediate license.
  • First 6 months on an intermediate license: no passengers under 20 except immediate family, and no driving 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. unless with a licensed driver 25 or older.
02

Signs, signals and lane markings

Sign colors tell you what kind of message is coming, and line colors tell you which way traffic flows.

Key points (4)
  • Red means prohibited or restricted, orange means construction, yellow warns of road conditions, white is regulatory and green guides.
  • A flashing red light works like a stop sign. A flashing yellow light works like a yield sign.
  • Yellow lines separate opposite directions. Don't cross a solid yellow line to pass.
  • Don't travel more than 300 feet in a two-way left turn lane, and never pass in it.
03

Right-of-way, intersections and roundabouts

Who goes first at stops, circles, school buses and train crossings.

Key points (4)
  • At a four-way stop, first to arrive goes first. Arriving together, yield to the vehicle on your right.
  • Yield to all traffic already in a roundabout.
  • Stop for a school bus with flashing red lights, unless you're going the other way on a road with 3 or more lanes and a median or barrier.
  • At a flashing railroad crossing, stop 15 to 50 feet from the nearest rail.
04

Speed limits, work zones and parking

Posted limits are the most you can drive in ideal conditions. Some zones have their own rules, and parking has set distances.

Key points (4)
  • The school zone speed limit is 20 mph.
  • Fines double in construction areas when workers are present.
  • Near a stopped emergency vehicle, move over a lane or slow to at least 10 mph below the limit.
  • No parking within 15 feet of a hydrant, 30 feet of a signal or stop sign, or 50 feet of a railroad crossing.
05

Lights, night driving and bad weather

Seeing and being seen: headlights, signals and handling wet roads.

Key points (4)
  • Headlights go on from a half hour after sunset to a half hour before sunrise.
  • Dim high beams within 500 feet of an oncoming vehicle and 300 feet behind one.
  • Signal at least 100 feet before you turn or change lanes.
  • Slow down on wet roads to avoid hydroplaning. In a skid, steer the way the car is moving.
06

Alcohol, drugs and phones

Washington sets limits for both alcohol and THC, and new drivers can't use a phone at all.

Key points (4)
  • 21 and older: DUI at 0.08% BAC or 5.00 ng THC. Under 21: 0.02% BAC or any THC.
  • Refusing a test can cost your license for 90 to 730 days, or until 21, whichever is longer.
  • No driver may hold an electronic device while driving.
  • Permit and intermediate drivers can't use a phone even hands-free, except to report an emergency.

Road signs

Washington road signs: read the color first

The Washington Driver Guide sorts signs by color: red prohibits, orange marks construction, yellow warns about the road ahead, white sets the rules and green guides you. Learn that and many sign questions on the DOL knowledge test get much easier.

  • Red octagon with white border and the word STOP in whiteStop: full stop, then go when it's clear
  • Downward-pointing red triangle with white center and the word YIELD in redYield: slow down and let others go first
  • Red circle with a white horizontal bar on a white square, reading DO NOT ENTERDo not enter: you'd be going the wrong way
  • Black left-turn arrow inside a red circle with a red slashRed circle and slash: no left turn
  • White rectangular sign reading SPEED LIMIT 55White sign: a rule, here the speed limit
  • Yellow diamond with a black arrow curving to the rightYellow warning: curve ahead, slow down
  • Orange diamond reading ROAD WORK 1000 FTOrange: road work ahead, watch for workers
  • Fluorescent yellow-green pentagon with two children walkingSchool: watch for children
  • White X-shaped crossbuck reading RAILROAD CROSSINGRailroad crossbuck: stop 15 to 50 feet back if a train is coming
  • Traffic signal with the yellow light lit and flash marks around itFlashing yellow: same as a yield sign
  • Two-way road divided by two solid yellow lines; no passing in either directionYellow lines: traffic on the other side comes toward you
  • Center lane bordered by solid yellow outer lines and broken yellow inner lines, with opposing left-turn arrowsTwo-way left turn lane: 300 feet at most, never to pass

Free practice test

20 practice questions from the Washington Driver Guide

These 20 questions come from the Washington Driver Guide, all multiple choice like the real DOL test. The real knowledge test has 40 questions and you need 32 right, which is 80%. Here that's 16 out of 20. After each answer, the tutor can explain it a different way or tell you why the other choices are wrong.

Question 1 of 20

You're enrolling in an approved driver training course. What is the earliest age you can apply for a Washington learner permit?

Sample of the knowledge test: same format, 20 questions.

Test day

What you need for a Washington learner permit

  • Your 12-digit Washington Driver License (WDL) number, from a License Express pre-application
  • Whatever ID and fee your testing location asks for
  • Glasses or contacts, if you need them to see
  • Under 18: a parent or guardian when you apply for the permit, so they can give permission

Before you go

  1. Get a WDL number by pre-applying in a License Express account at dol.wa.gov/myaccount.
  2. Read the Washington Driver Guide, free from DOL in 17 languages.
  3. Try the 20 questions on this page and DOL's own 5-question practice test.
  4. Under 18 and want a license before 18? Sign up for an approved driver training course first.
  5. Book the test with a school or testing location, or through the DOL scheduler.
  6. For a photo permit, book a driver licensing office visit and bring proof of identity. Photocopies aren't accepted.
Washington DOL: Make an appointment for a knowledge or drive testYou can also book directly with a driver training school or testing location from DOL's location finder. Fees vary by location.

Study options

Where to study

DOL gives the Washington Driver Guide away free as a PDF in 17 languages, plus a text-only version. It also has a short 5-question practice test in English and Spanish. If you want a license before 18, you'll need an approved driver training course too, and DOL's location finder lists the schools. We've also compared the apps and websites Washington learners use.

OptionPriceFree to useLinks
Official and free
Washington Driver GuideOfficial · PDF and text-onlyDOL's handbook and the source of the knowledge test. Chapter 1 covers permits, driver training and the intermediate license. There's a text-only web version and a plain-text PDF, and DOL will mail a printed copy if you call. DOL doesn't list an audio version.
FreeThe whole guide, in 17 languages
DOL driver license practice testOfficial · Online quizYou need 4 of 5 to pass, and the same five questions come up every time. Good for seeing the question style, too short to tell you whether you're ready for 40.
Free5 questions, in English or Spanish
DOL drive test videosOfficial · VideoEach runs under three minutes: the pre-test vehicle check, the backing maneuver, parallel parking, and lane changes and turns. Watch them the week before your drive test.
FreeFour short videos
Work zone and first responder courseOfficial · Online courseRequired from November 1, 2026 for first-time license applicants aged 16 to 24. It takes about an hour, works on a phone, and comes in 14 languages. You need a WDL number and a WA.gov account to sign in.
FreeThe full course and its test
Motorcycle and CDL guides and practiceOfficial · PDF and onlineThe Motorcycle Operator Manual comes in seven languages. The Commercial Driver Guide is English only and goes with DOL's 20-question CDL practice test.
FreeManuals, sample motorcycle questions and a 20-question CDL practice test
Apps and websites
The Parent's Supervised Driving ProgramWeb guide for parents · linked by DOLPublished by eDriverManuals and linked from DOL's teen pages. Thirteen lessons for parents teaching a teen, from starting the engine to roundabouts, plus a supervised driving log and the Parental Authorization Affidavit. There's a Spanish edition too.
Not stated on the siteThe online guide
Driving-Tests.org and DMV GenieWeb and app · all statesOne company runs both. The Washington section has permit tests, sign quizzes, a 40-question exam simulator and links to motorcycle and CDL sections. The DMV Genie app has 4.8 stars from about 184,000 App Store ratings.
Free quizzes. App purchases from $9.99Five WA permit practice tests and topic quizzes
DMV-Permit-Test.comWeb · all statesAlso has motorcycle tests, a Spanish version and CDL tests by endorsement. Its FAQ says the official test is offered in English and Spanish, but DOL lists 12 languages. The site says it isn't affiliated with any DMV.
Free tests. A $15.99 cheat sheet and paid Premium20 Washington car tests of 40 questions
ZutobiWeb and app · all statesSays it has 600+ Washington questions in short game-style lessons, aligned with the Washington Driver Guide. The app has 4.7 stars from about 239,000 App Store ratings.
Free start, then in-app purchases from $4.99 to $7.99A free trial
In person
Approved driver training schoolsDriving schools and school programsRequired if you want a license before 18. Online, self-paced and parent-taught courses don't count. DOL's finder lists each location's services, such as knowledge and drive tests, and lets you filter by language.
Set by each school-
Approved motorcycle training schoolsRider training and testingApproved schools give all four motorcycle tests, and DOL's partner schools include them in a 2-wheel safety course. Under 18, an approved course is required for the endorsement.
Set by each school-

Prices and ratings checked October 2026.

FAQ

Common questions

How many questions are on the Washington DOL knowledge test?

40 multiple-choice questions, and you need 32 right to pass. That's 80%. A passing score stays valid for 2 years, so you don't have to rush to the next step.

Is the Washington DMV the same as the Department of Licensing?

Yes. Washington has no agency called the DMV. The Department of Licensing (DOL) handles learner permits, driver licenses, the written knowledge test and the drive test. Its website is dol.wa.gov.

Where do I take the Washington written driving test?

In person, at an approved driver training school or testing location, or at a driver licensing office that offers knowledge tests. DOL's location finder shows which places offer it and in which languages. Fees vary by location, so ask when you book.

Can I take the Washington permit test online?

No. The knowledge test is taken in person. What you can do online is get your WDL number, fill in the learner permit application and take DOL's free practice test. The new work zone and first responder course is online too.

How old do you have to be to get a learner's permit in Washington?

15, if you're enrolled in an approved driver training course. Without a course, you can take the knowledge test at 15 and a half, but you can't get a license until you turn 18.

How much does a Washington learner permit cost?

$35 for one year, as of October 2026. You can renew it twice for $25 each time. The knowledge test fee is separate and set by each testing location.

What happens if I fail the Washington knowledge test?

You can take it again, but you may have to wait before you retest. DOL doesn't publish how long the wait is or what a retest costs, so ask your testing location.

Can I take the Washington driver knowledge test in Spanish?

Yes. It's offered in 12 languages: English, Spanish, Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Korean, Russian, Vietnamese, Japanese, Arabic, Punjabi, Tagalog and Ukrainian. Not every location offers every language, so check first.

Do I need to take the knowledge and drive tests if I'm 18 or older?

If you've never had a license, yes. At 18 or older you don't need driver training or a permit, but you must pass both the knowledge test and the skills (drive) test. If you're moving here with a valid license from another US state and a driving record from the last 30 days, you don't need to test.

All 20 practice questions with answersA printable list of the practice test above
  1. You're enrolling in an approved driver training course. What is the earliest age you can apply for a Washington learner permit?

    15 With driver training, you can apply as early as 15, starting no more than 10 days before your course begins. Without a course, you have to wait until 15 and a half to take the knowledge test.

  2. You're 17 and want your license before 18. How much supervised driving do you need to have done on your learner permit?

    40 hours in daylight and 10 at night Teens applying at 16 or 17 need 40 hours of daytime driving and 10 hours of nighttime driving with a licensed driver. A parent, guardian or responsible adult confirms the hours.

  3. For the first 6 months on an intermediate license, who can ride with you if they're under 20?

    Nobody under 20 except immediate family For the first 6 months, you can't carry passengers under 20 unless they're immediate family, such as a brother, sister or your own child. After that, and until the first year is up, you can carry up to 3 passengers under 20 who aren't family.

  4. You have an intermediate license. Between which hours can't you drive, unless a licensed driver aged 25 or older is with you?

    1 a.m. and 5 a.m. Intermediate drivers can't drive from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. unless a licensed driver aged 25 or older is with them. Driving for farm work is an exception. The limit ends after 1 year of safe driving.

  5. You're 16 and driving on your learner permit. When may you use your phone, even hands-free?

    Only to report an emergency Drivers with a learner permit or an intermediate license can't use a phone or any wireless device while driving, even hands-free. The only exception is reporting an emergency, such as calling 911.

  6. Orange diamond reading ROAD WORK 1000 FT

    What does an orange sign like this one tell you?

    Construction or maintenance work is ahead The Washington Driver Guide uses orange for construction and maintenance warnings. Slow down, watch for workers and follow any flaggers.

  7. Traffic signal with the yellow light lit and flash marks around it

    You come to this signal and it keeps flashing. What does it mean?

    The same as a yield sign A flashing yellow light means the same thing as a yield sign. Slow down, look both ways and be ready to stop for traffic or pedestrians.

  8. Two-way road divided by two solid yellow lines; no passing in either direction

    What do yellow lines like these on the road separate?

    Traffic moving in opposite directions Yellow lines separate traffic moving in opposite directions. White lines separate lanes going the same way. You may not cross a solid yellow line to pass.

  9. Center lane bordered by solid yellow outer lines and broken yellow inner lines, with opposing left-turn arrows

    You're in this lane in the middle of the road. How far can you travel in it?

    No more than 300 feet The guide says you shouldn't travel farther than 300 feet in a center turn lane. These lanes are only for starting or finishing a left turn, and you must never use them to pass.

  10. Two cars reach a four-way stop at about the same time. Who goes first?

    The car on the right At a four-way stop, the first car to arrive goes first. If two arrive at about the same time, yield to the vehicle on your right.

  11. You're about to enter a roundabout. Who has the right-of-way?

    Traffic already in the roundabout Yield to all traffic already in the roundabout before you enter. Roundabouts are designed for speeds of about 15 to 25 mph.

  12. You're on a road with 3 lanes in each direction and a median between them. A school bus going the other way stops with red lights flashing. What must you do?

    You don't have to stop You must stop for a school bus with flashing red lights whether you're in front of it or behind it. The one exception: on a road with 3 or more lanes, separated by a median or barrier, traffic going the opposite direction doesn't have to stop.

  13. The signals at a railroad crossing are flashing. Where should you stop?

    Between 15 and 50 feet from the nearest rail Stop 15 to 50 feet from the nearest rail when signals flash, a gate is down or coming down, or a train is close. Never drive around a lowered gate. A train can take up to a mile to stop.

  14. What is the speed limit in a Washington school zone?

    20 mph The school zone speed limit is 20 mph. The guide explains that higher speeds raise the risk of fatal crashes with children.

  15. How close to a fire hydrant may you park?

    No closer than 15 feet You can't park within 15 feet of a fire hydrant. Other no-parking distances in the guide: 30 feet from a traffic signal, stop sign or yield sign, 5 feet from a driveway or alley, and 50 feet from a railroad crossing.

  16. You're approaching a stopped emergency vehicle with its lights flashing. You can't move into a farther lane. What should you do?

    Slow to at least 10 mph below the posted limit Washington's move-over rule says to move into a farther lane if you can. If you can't, slow down to at least 10 mph below the posted speed limit. Never drive faster than 50 mph in an emergency zone.

  17. You're using high beams at night and a car comes toward you. When must you switch to low beams?

    Within 500 feet Dim your lights when you're within 500 feet of an oncoming vehicle. When you're following another vehicle, dim them within 300 feet.

  18. What is the best way to avoid hydroplaning?

    Slow down when the road is wet Hydroplaning happens when water builds up between your tires and the road, so the tires lose their grip. The guide says the best way to avoid it is to slow down on wet roads.

  19. You're 19. At what blood alcohol concentration (BAC) are you considered to be driving under the influence in Washington?

    0.02% or more Drivers under 21 are considered under the influence at 0.02% BAC or more, or with any THC in their blood. For drivers 21 and older, the limits are 0.08% BAC or 5.00 ng of THC.

  20. What does Washington's implied consent law mean?

    By driving in Washington, you agree to be tested if an officer suspects you're impaired Under implied consent, anyone who drives in Washington has agreed to a test if an officer suspects impairment. Refusing can cost you your driving privileges for 90 to 730 days, or until you turn 21, whichever is longer.