Michigan · Permit test

Michigan driver’s license test: the knowledge and sign tests

Michigan has no Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). The Michigan Department of State licenses drivers through Secretary of State (SOS) offices, and the written part of the Michigan driver’s license test is a knowledge test plus a road sign test. You pass both before you get a temporary instruction permit (TIP) at 18 or older. Under 18, the SOS’s list for a Level 1 license has no knowledge test: you pass the Segment 1 driver education exam instead.

  • 2Parts: the knowledge test and a sign test
  • FreePrice at a Secretary of State office
  • 1 hourArrive at least this long before closing

Key facts

At a glance

Who runs it
The Michigan Department of State, at Secretary of State offices
Who takes it
Drivers 18 or older applying for a first license. Drivers from another country, or with a license expired four years or more, may need it too
Where you take it
On a computer at an SOS office, or online at home if you’re 18 or older
Languages
English and many other languages
What a pass leads to
A TIP, so you can practice driving with a licensed adult

How it works

How the Michigan driver’s license test works

  1. You take it at a Secretary of State (SOS) office, by appointment, on a computer testing station.
  2. You must pass both the written knowledge test and the road sign test before the SOS issues a temporary instruction permit (TIP).
  3. There’s a vision test too. If you need glasses or contact lenses to pass it, your license will say you must wear them when you drive. If you fail it, your eye-care specialist can fill in a vision statement.
  4. Office staff also ask a few general health questions. If there’s a question about your ability to drive safely, your application may be denied until a reexamination with more medical information.
  5. If you have trouble speaking or reading English, staff can give you a list of foreign language interpreters, who may help on any written test except a commercial driver’s license (CDL) knowledge test. Hearing-impaired customers can ask for a sign language interpreter or bring one they know.
  6. For the interpreter list ahead of time, call the Department of State Information Center at 888-SOS-MICH (767-6424).

Topics

Michigan driving laws in the manual

The manual’s chapters, with a few of the Michigan driving rules and laws in each.

01

Your driver’s license and Graduated Driver Licensing

Chapter 1 covers who can be licensed, the license types, Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) for teens, the route at 18 or older, the documents and the tests.

Key points (4)
  • With a Level 1 Learner’s License, you drive only with a licensed parent, guardian or designated adult 21 or older in the front seat beside you.
  • A Level 2 Intermediate License bans driving from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m., and more than one passenger under 21, unless an exception applies.
  • A temporary instruction permit (TIP) is valid for 180 days, and you practice on it for at least 30 days before the driving skills test.
  • Drivers licensed for the first time, teens included, are on probation for at least three years.
02

Your driving record, points and alcohol

Chapter 2 explains points, how long convictions stay on your record, the alcohol and drug laws and driver reexaminations.

Key points (4)
  • Points stay on your driving record for two years from the date of conviction.
  • Six or more one-point violations, or 12 or more points within two years, mean a driver assessment reexamination.
  • Under 21, any bodily alcohol content is a four-point violation.
  • Coffee, a cold shower, exercise or fresh air won’t sober anyone up. Only time does.
03

Phones, seat belts, speed and right of way

Chapter 4 begins with the laws on phones, seat belts and child seats, speed limits, work zones, emergency vehicles, school buses and right of way.

Key points (4)
  • Michigan’s cell phone law bans every driver from holding or using a phone while driving, except to report an emergency.
  • Children ride in a car seat or booster seat until they’re 8 years old or 4 feet 9 inches tall, whichever comes first.
  • Unless signs say otherwise, the limit is 55 mph on highways that aren’t freeways, and 70 mph on freeways, with a 55 mph minimum.
  • Stop at least 20 feet from a school bus with its red overhead lights flashing.
04

Passing, lanes, turns and parking

The rest of Chapter 4 covers passing, lane use, turns, roundabouts, railroad crossings and parking.

Key points (4)
  • After passing, be back in your lane before you’re within 200 feet of an oncoming vehicle.
  • At a roundabout, entering traffic yields to traffic coming from the left, and vehicles already in it have the right of way.
  • If a train is coming, stop no more than 50 feet and no less than 15 feet from the tracks.
  • Never park within 15 feet of a fire hydrant, or more than 12 inches from the curb.
05

Signs, pavement markings and signals

Chapter 5 teaches signs by shape and color, then white and yellow lines, Michigan Lefts and traffic signals.

Key points (4)
  • On a sign, red means stop or not allowed, yellow is a general warning, orange warns of construction or maintenance and green gives directions.
  • An orange triangle on the back of a vehicle marks one that can’t go faster than 25 mph.
  • Where an intersection has Michigan Lefts, you don’t turn left directly: you drive through or turn right, then make a U-turn at a median crossover.
  • A steady green arrow means traffic coming toward you is stopped, but you yield to pedestrians in the intersection.
06

Sharing the road

Chapter 6 covers commercial vehicles, slow-moving vehicles, pedestrians, children, motorcycles, mopeds, bicycles and autocycles.

Key points (4)
  • A car at 55 mph stops in about 130 feet, and a commercial vehicle needs about 400 feet.
  • It’s illegal to drive beside a motorcyclist or pass one in the same lane.
  • Leave at least 3 feet between your vehicle and a bicyclist when you pass.
  • Behind a horse and rider or a buggy, slow to 15 to 20 mph and stay at least 20 feet back.
07

Emergencies and special situations

Chapter 7 covers aggressive driving, intersections, freeways, bad weather, braking, night driving, crashes, deer and traffic stops.

Key points (4)
  • Keep a following distance of 3 to 4 seconds, and up to 6 seconds or more at higher speeds or in bad conditions.
  • Roads are most slippery during the first half hour of rain.
  • Headlights go on from a half hour after sunset to a half hour before sunrise, and high beams must be off within 500 feet of an oncoming vehicle.
  • If a crash with a deer can’t be avoided, don’t veer: brake firmly, hold the wheel with both hands and stay in your lane.

Road signs

Road signs from What Every Driver Must Know

Michigan’s manual teaches signs by shape first, then by color. Red means stop or not allowed, yellow is a general warning and orange warns of construction or maintenance.

  • Red octagon with white border and the word STOP in whiteStop: come to a complete stop and yield before you go on
  • Downward-pointing red triangle with white center and the word YIELD in redYield: slow down and let vehicles crossing your path go by
  • Red circle with a white horizontal bar on a white square, reading DO NOT ENTERDo not enter
  • Red rectangle with white border reading WRONG WAYWrong way: you’re in a lane of oncoming traffic
  • White sign reading DO NOT PASSDo not pass
  • White sign reading PASS WITH CAREPass with care: the end of a no-passing zone
  • Yellow pennant pointing right reading NO PASSING ZONENo passing zone, on the left side of the road
  • White sign reading CENTER LANE above two opposing left-turn arrows and the word ONLYCenter lane for left turns only
  • Round yellow sign with a black X and two letters RRailroad crossing ahead
  • White X-shaped crossbuck reading RAILROAD CROSSINGRailroad crossbuck
  • Fluorescent orange triangle with a red reflective borderSlow-moving vehicle, no faster than 25 mph
  • Orange diamond reading ROAD WORK 1000 FTRoad work ahead

Free practice test

20 practice questions from What Every Driver Must Know

These 20 questions are written from What Every Driver Must Know, the Secretary of State’s manual. The SOS doesn’t publish the real test’s length or pass mark, so the bar here is our own target: 75%, or 15 of 20. Four questions show a sign. After each answer, the tutor can explain it another way or tell you why the other choices are wrong.

Question 1 of 20

You hold a Level 1 Learner’s License. Who may supervise your driving?

20 practice questions in the style of the knowledge test.

Test day

What to bring to the SOS office

  • Proof of your Social Security number, or a letter of ineligibility from the Social Security Administration no more than 60 days old
  • Proof of U.S. citizenship or legal presence, such as a certified birth certificate with a raised seal, a valid U.S. passport, a certificate of citizenship or naturalization, a Permanent Resident Card or an Employment Authorization Card
  • Proof of identity, as originals: photocopies and faxes aren’t accepted
  • Two documents proving Michigan residency, such as a utility bill, credit card bill or account statement from the last 90 days, a pay stub, a mortgage, rental or lease agreement, or an insurance policy
  • If your name differs from the one on your birth certificate or legal presence document, legal proof of each change, such as a marriage license, divorce decree or court order
  • Payment for the TIP fee: cash, check, money order, an American Express, Discover, MasterCard or Visa card, or Apple Pay, Google Pay or Samsung Pay

Before you go

  1. Read What Every Driver Must Know. The where-to-learn page has a study path built on it.
  2. Pre-apply at Michigan.gov/SOS before you schedule your office appointment. The SOS says your application will go faster.
Read the steps for adultsThe Secretary of State’s page for drivers 18 or older who haven’t held a license covers the knowledge test, the TIP and the skills test.

Study options

Where to study

What Every Driver Must Know is the book for the knowledge test. The driving skills test that comes later has its own SOS study guide, and under 18, driver education comes first.

OptionPriceFree to useLinks
Official sources
What Every Driver Must KnowOfficial · PDFThe Secretary of State’s manual for the knowledge test, in seven chapters, with answer keys for its own sign challenge and 10-question test.
FreeThe whole manual, with a sign challenge and a self-test
Driving Skills Test Study GuideOfficial · PDFHow the skills test is given and scored, from the vehicle inspection to the on-road route.
FreeThe whole guide, with a supervised driving log
In person
Certified driver education, under 18In person · certified providersSegment 1 and Segment 2 courses. The SOS’s page for teens links its search for certified providers.
Set by each providerNothing free
Adult driver educationIn person · certified instructorsOptional at 18 or older. The SOS’s page for adult drivers explains how to find a provider.
Set by each providerNothing free

Prices and ratings checked November 2026.

FAQ

Common questions

Is the Michigan driver’s license test a DMV test?

Michigan doesn’t have one. The Michigan Department of State runs driver licensing, and you take the test at one of its Secretary of State offices or, at 18 or older, online.

Can I take the Michigan driver’s license test online?

Yes, if you’re 18 or older. The online version is the same test as at the office, for a convenience fee, where the office test is free. The online test page has the computer and webcam rules.

How many questions are on the Michigan driver’s license test?

The Secretary of State doesn’t publish the number of questions or the pass mark. The online test page gives how long each part takes when you test at home.

What happens if I fail the knowledge test?

If you don’t get a passing score, testing ends for that visit. You can retest on a different day.

Do I need driver’s ed before the Michigan driver’s license test?

Under 18, yes: driver education is part of Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL), and Segment 1 comes before your Level 1 license. At 18 or older, it isn’t required.

All 20 practice questions with answersA printable list of the practice test above
  1. You hold a Level 1 Learner’s License. Who may supervise your driving?

    A licensed parent, guardian or designated adult 21 or older With a Level 1 license, you may drive only with a licensed parent or guardian, or a licensed adult 21 or older whom they designate. That person sits in the front seat next to you, and a designated adult needs a signed letter of authorization from your parent or guardian.

  2. You have a Level 2 Intermediate License, and no exception applies. When may you not drive?

    Between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. Level 2 bans driving between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. unless an exception applies. The exceptions are a parent, guardian or designated licensed adult 21 or older riding with you, or driving for your job, to or from work, or to or from an authorized activity.

  3. How long is a temporary instruction permit (TIP) valid?

    180 days A TIP is valid for 180 days. It lets you practice driving with a licensed adult before the driving skills test, and you practice on it for at least 30 days first.

  4. How long do points stay on your Michigan driving record?

    Two years from the date of conviction Points go on your record only after you’re convicted of a moving violation. They stay there for two years from the date of conviction.

  5. After drinking alcohol, what will sober a person up?

    Time, and nothing else Coffee, a cold shower, exercise or fresh air won’t sober anyone up. The only thing that does is time.

  6. A driver under 21 is convicted of driving with any bodily alcohol content. How many points go on their record?

    4 points Under 21, driving with any bodily alcohol content is a four-point violation. Operating while intoxicated is worth six points.

  7. Which use of a mobile phone while driving does Michigan law allow for every driver?

    Calling 911 to report a crash Michigan’s cell phone law bans every driver from holding or using a phone while driving. Calling or texting 911 to report a crash, a crime or another emergency is allowed.

  8. Michigan’s child passenger safety law says a child rides in a car seat or booster seat until when?

    Until they’re 8 or 4 feet 9 inches tall Children must be buckled into a car seat or booster seat until they’re 8 years old or 4 feet 9 inches tall, whichever comes first. The manual suggests parents go by the height, as a seat belt may not fit a smaller child.

  9. A school bus ahead has stopped with its red overhead lights flashing. How far from it must you stop?

    At least 20 feet Stop at least 20 feet from a school bus with its red overhead lights flashing. Stay stopped until the red lights go off or the bus moves on.

  10. An emergency vehicle is stopped on the shoulder with its lights flashing. What does the law require as you pass?

    Slow to 10 mph under the limit and move over if safe For a stopped emergency vehicle, the law requires you to slow down at least 10 mph below the posted limit and move over a lane if traffic and conditions allow. If you can’t move over, slow down and keep as much space as you can.

  11. You’re passing on a two-lane highway. You must be back in your lane before you’re within what distance of an oncoming vehicle?

    200 feet When passing on the left, you must return to your lane before you get within 200 feet of any oncoming vehicle. Don’t cut back in until you can see the whole vehicle you passed in your rearview mirror.

  12. How close to a fire hydrant may you park?

    No closer than 15 feet The manual’s no-parking list bans parking within 15 feet of a fire hydrant. Other distances on the list cover other things, such as 30 feet from a stop sign and 50 feet from a railroad crossing.

  13. Round yellow sign with a black X and two letters R

    You see this sign, and a train is coming. Where must you stop?

    No more than 50 feet and no less than 15 feet from the tracks This sign warns of a railroad crossing ahead. If a train is coming, stop no more than 50 feet and no less than 15 feet from the tracks. Trains overhang the tracks by at least three feet on each side.

  14. Yellow pennant pointing right reading NO PASSING ZONE

    You see this sign. What does it tell you?

    You’re in a no-passing zone, so don’t pass A pennant-shaped sign marks a no-passing zone. Don’t pass while you’re in it, the same as where a Do Not Pass sign is posted.

  15. Fluorescent orange triangle with a red reflective border

    You see this on the back of a farm vehicle ahead. What does it tell you?

    It can’t travel faster than 25 mph This emblem marks a slow-moving vehicle, one that can’t travel faster than 25 mph, such as farm machinery or an Amish buggy. Drive with caution around it and don’t get impatient behind it.

  16. Yellow diamond with three black arrows forming a counter-clockwise circle

    You see this sign. How do you enter the intersection it warns of?

    Yield to traffic from your left, then merge in This sign warns of a roundabout ahead. Entering traffic yields to traffic coming from the left, bicyclists and pedestrians included, and vehicles already in the roundabout have the right of way.

  17. A car at 55 mph can stop in about 130 feet. About how far does a commercial vehicle need at the same speed?

    About 400 feet The manual says a commercial vehicle at 55 mph takes about 400 feet to stop, about three times what a car needs. Never cut in front of one or force it to slow down or stop suddenly.

  18. A motorcyclist is riding in the lane ahead of you. How may you pass?

    Using an adjacent lane, when legal and safe It’s illegal to drive beside a motorcyclist or pass one in the same lane. Pass by using an adjacent lane when it’s legal and safe to do so.

  19. When rain begins to fall, when are the roads most slippery?

    During the first half hour Roads are most slippery during the first half hour of rain, because oil dropped by passing vehicles hasn’t been washed away. Slow down and allow at least twice your normal following distance.

  20. A deer runs into the road ahead, and you can’t avoid hitting it. What does the manual say to do?

    Brake firmly and stay in your lane If a crash with a deer can’t be avoided, don’t veer: brake firmly, hold the wheel with both hands and come to a controlled stop. Then steer well off the road.

Sources: Michigan Department of State and 2 more. Checked November 2026.

Rules and fees can change, so check the official site before your test.