Minnesota · Permit test

Minnesota permit test

Minnesota doesn't call it the DMV. Driver and Vehicle Services (DVS), part of the Department of Public Safety (DPS), runs the Class D written test at its exam stations, by appointment. You can take it at 15, you need 80% to pass, and the questions come from the Minnesota Driver's Manual. Below is a free 20-question practice test written from that manual.

  • 80%Score needed to pass the Class D written test
  • 15Minimum age for an instruction permit
  • $29.50Instruction permit fee, valid for 2 years
  • 6 monthsPermit holding time before the road test, 18 and under (3 months at 19+)

Key facts

At a glance

Who gives it
Minnesota DVS (Driver and Vehicle Services), often called the MN DMV, at its exam stations
To pass
80%. DVS doesn't publish the number of questions
Minimum age
15, with driver education started if you're under 18
Where testing happens
In person, by appointment. There's no online written test
Languages
English, several other languages and ASL on exam station computers, with audio

How it works

The Class D written knowledge test: multiple choice and true-or-false, 80% to pass

  1. You take the Class D written test at a DVS exam station, and you need an appointment. Book it through DVS online services.
  2. The questions are multiple choice and true-or-false, on Minnesota traffic laws and road signs. Everything comes from the Minnesota Driver's Manual.
  3. You need 80% to pass. DVS doesn't publish how many questions the test has.
  4. Depending on the exam station, you take it on paper or on a computer. Computer tests come in English, several other languages and American Sign Language, with headphones if you want the questions read to you.
  5. Your vision is screened too. You need at least 20/40, with glasses or contacts if you wear them.
  6. You can take only one written test a day. Fail twice in a row, and the third and any later tries cost $10 each.
  7. Pass, pay the permit fee, and you get an instruction permit that's good for two years of practice driving.

Topics

What’s on the test

01

Permits, provisional licenses and the GDL rules

Minnesota uses three phases: instruction permit, provisional license and full license. Teens need driver education and a supervised driving log before the road test.

Key points (4)
  • You must be at least 15 for a permit. Under 18, you need 30 classroom hours done (or 15 in a concurrent course) and enrollment in behind-the-wheel.
  • Under 18, a supervising driver must be 21 or older. At 18 and older, the supervisor must be 18 or older.
  • Teens log 50 hours, 15 at night, or 40 hours if a parent takes the approved parent class.
  • First six months of a provisional license: no driving midnight to 5 a.m. (with exceptions) and only one passenger under 20 unless a parent or guardian is with you.
02

Signs, signals and pavement markings

Chapter 5 of the manual teaches signs by color and shape, then traffic signals, arrows and lane markings.

Key points (4)
  • Red prohibits, yellow warns, orange marks work zones, green guides, blue shows services, brown shows recreation sites.
  • A pentagon is a school sign. An octagon is a stop sign. A downward triangle is yield.
  • Treat a flashing red light like a stop sign.
  • Right on red is allowed after a full stop unless a No Turn on Red sign is posted.
03

Speed, turns, passing and parking

Chapter 3 covers the basic speed law, default speed limits, signaling, turns, passing and where you can't park.

Key points (4)
  • Default limits: 10 mph in alleys, 30 mph on urban or town roads, 55 mph elsewhere unless posted.
  • Signal at least 100 feet before you turn.
  • No parking within 10 feet of a hydrant, 20 feet of a crosswalk at an intersection, or 50 feet of a railroad crossing's nearest rail.
  • In a backup at a lane closure, stay in your lane to the merge point and take turns.
04

Right-of-way, school buses and sharing the road

Chapter 4 explains who yields, how to handle school buses and emergency vehicles, and how to share the road with people walking, cycling and riding motorcycles.

Key points (4)
  • At the same time at an all-way stop, the driver on the left yields to the driver on the right.
  • Stop at least 20 feet from a school bus with flashing red lights, from either direction, unless you're on the other side of a divided highway.
  • Move a lane away from stopped emergency and service vehicles with flashing lights, or slow down if you can't.
  • Leave at least 3 feet when passing a bicyclist.
05

Following distance, night driving and weather

Chapter 6 covers the three-second rule, stopping distance, headlights and driving in bad weather.

Key points (3)
  • Keep at least three seconds behind in ideal conditions, and four or five when conditions are poor.
  • Headlights go on from sunset to sunrise, and whenever you can't see 500 feet ahead.
  • Dim to low beam within 1,000 feet of an oncoming vehicle or 200 feet behind another vehicle.
06

Alcohol, drugs, seat belts and phones

Chapters 3 and 8 cover seat belts and child seats, phone rules and Minnesota's DWI and implied consent laws.

Key points (4)
  • The DWI limit is 0.08, or 0.04 in a commercial vehicle. A driver making errors can be arrested at 0.04.
  • Everyone in the vehicle must wear a seat belt, front and back.
  • Children 4 to 9 who are too big for a car seat use a booster seat.
  • No texting or internet while driving. Teens on a permit or provisional license can't use a phone at all, even hands-free.

Road signs

Minnesota road signs: colors first, then shapes

Chapter 5 of the Minnesota Driver's Manual sorts signs by color before shape: red prohibits, yellow warns, orange means a work zone. Learn that list and most sign questions on the DVS written test answer themselves.

  • Red octagon with white border and the word STOP in whiteStop: full stop, then go when it's clear
  • Downward-pointing red triangle with white center and the word YIELD in redYield: slow down and let others go first
  • Red circle with a white horizontal bar on a white square, reading DO NOT ENTERDo not enter: you'd be going the wrong way
  • White sign reading NO TURN ON REDNo turn on red: wait for green
  • White rectangular sign reading SPEED LIMIT 55Speed limit: the most you may drive
  • Yellow diamond with a black arrow curving to the rightYellow warning: curve ahead, slow down
  • Yellow diamond with a black leaping deerDeer crossing: slow down and watch the ditches
  • Orange diamond reading ROAD WORK 1000 FTOrange: work zone ahead, slow down
  • Yellow diamond reading LANE ENDS MERGE LEFTLane ends: in a backup, zipper merge at the merge point
  • Fluorescent yellow-green pentagon with two children walkingSchool or school crosswalk ahead: watch for children
  • Round yellow sign with a black X and two letters RRailroad crossing ahead: look and listen
  • Traffic signal with the red light lit and flash marks around itFlashing red: treat it like a stop sign

Free practice test

20 practice questions from the Minnesota Driver's Manual

These 20 questions are written from the June 2026 Minnesota Driver's Manual, in the same mix of multiple-choice and true-or-false the DVS written test uses. DVS doesn't say how many questions the real test has, but it does set the bar at 80%. Here that's 16 right out of 20. After each answer, the tutor can explain it another way or tell you why the other choices are wrong.

Question 1 of 20

What is the youngest age at which you can get a Minnesota instruction permit?

Sample of the permit test: same format, 20 questions.

Test day

What to bring for your Minnesota instruction permit

  • Proof of identity with your full name and date of birth. DVS doesn't accept photocopies.
  • Your Social Security number, if you have one
  • The confirmation page from your online pre-application, done no more than 30 days before
  • Under 18: your Blue Card or Pink Card from driver education, plus a parent or guardian to sign
  • Money for the $29.50 permit fee, as of October 2026
  • Glasses or contacts, if you need them to see

Before you go

  1. Read the Minnesota Driver's Manual. Chapters 3 to 6 hold most of the rules and signs.
  2. Try the 20 questions on this page and the free DVS Class D Practice Knowledge Test.
  3. Under 18, finish the first part of driver education so you have your Blue Card or Pink Card.
  4. Book a Class D written test appointment at an exam station.
  5. Fill in the online pre-application no more than 30 days before your visit and bring the confirmation page.
  6. Check which documents you need. REAL ID and enhanced cards need more than a standard card.
Minnesota DVS: Schedule a written or road testAppointments are required for the Class D written test and the road test. For road tests, the manual also lists 651-201-7777.

Study options

Where to study

The Minnesota Driver's Manual is free from DVS as a PDF, and there's an audio version too. DVS also posts a free 25-question Class D practice test with an answer key, and a short road test study guide. Under 18, you'll also need driver education, which you can do in a classroom or with an approved online program. We've also compared the apps and websites Minnesota learners use.

OptionPriceFree to useLinks
Official and free
Minnesota Driver's ManualOfficial · PDF and audioThe June 2026 edition from DVS, and the source of every question on the Class D written test. Chapter 1 explains permits, provisional licenses and the road test, and it opens with written test and road test checklists. There's an English audio version too.
FreeThe whole manual
DVS Class D Practice Knowledge TestOfficial · PDFA mix of multiple-choice and true-or-false questions, and each one names the manual chapter its answer comes from. DVS says the questions may or may not be on the real test.
Free25 questions with an answer key
DVS Road Test Study GuideOfficial · PDFTwo pages on how the road test runs and the most common reasons people fail: approaching and finishing turns, where to stop, intersections and lane changes. Worth reading the week before your test.
FreeThe full guide
Supervised Driving LogOfficial · PDFTeens under 18 must turn this in at the road test: 50 hours with 15 at night, or 40 and 15 if a parent took the parent class. DVS won't accept logs kept on any other form.
FreeThe log template
Motorcycle and CDL manualsOfficial · PDFRiders study the Motorcycle and Motorized Bicycle Manual, which also explains the four-exercise skills test. Commercial drivers study the Minnesota Commercial Driver's License Manual, which covers the CLP, every knowledge test and the school bus handbook.
FreeBoth manuals in full
Apps and websites
DVS-approved online classroom driver's edApproved courses · webTeens can do the 30-hour classroom part of driver education online, but only with a program on this DVS list, which had about 40 in its October 2025 revision. The list shows which ones also offer behind-the-wheel lessons in person.
Set by each program-
Parent's Supervised Driving ProgramParent guide · web and PDFPublished by eDriverManuals and linked from the DVS driver education page. It gives parents 13 lessons, from pre-driving checks to highways and roundabouts, plus a driving log and a parent-teen contract.
No price listedThe guide online
Driving-Tests.org and DMV GenieWeb and app · all statesOne company runs both. The Minnesota section has permit quizzes, a 40-question exam simulator, and motorcycle and CDL sections. The 40 is the site's choice, not a DVS figure. The DMV Genie app has 4.8 stars from about 184,000 App Store ratings.
Free quizzes. App Premium from $9.99Short quizzes with no signup
DMV-Permit-Test.comWeb · all statesTwenty numbered Minnesota car tests of 40 questions each, plus Spanish, motorcycle and CDL tests. The site says the real test has 40 questions with 32 to pass, but DVS doesn't publish a question count.
Free tests, paid Premium, and a $15.99 cheat sheet20 Minnesota practice tests
ZutobiWeb and app · all statesSays it has 600+ Minnesota questions in short game-style lessons, and notes that it doesn't replace the state's 30-hour course. The app has 4.7 stars from about 239,000 App Store ratings.
Free start, then Zutobi PLUS (App Store prices from $4.99)A free trial
In person
Driver education programsSchools and driving schoolsUnder 18, you need driver education before your permit. DVS lists approved public and private school programs and licensed commercial driving schools. Approved programs also run the parent class that cuts the driving log to 40 hours.
Set by each program-
Minnesota Motorcycle Safety Center coursesState rider trainingBasic, Intermediate, Advanced and Expert rider courses plus Motorcycle Road Guard, held at Minnesota State College campuses. Under 18, you need an approved course certificate to get a motorcycle permit.
Not listed on the course page-

Prices and ratings checked October 2026.

FAQ

Common questions

How many questions are on the Minnesota permit test?

DVS doesn't publish a number. The Minnesota Driver's Manual says the written test is multiple choice and true-or-false, on traffic laws and road signs, and that you need 80% to pass. Practice sites often say 40 questions, but that isn't a figure DVS gives.

Is the Minnesota DMV the same as DVS or DPS?

Yes, in practice. Minnesota has no agency called the DMV. Driver's licenses, permits and tests are handled by Driver and Vehicle Services (DVS), a division of the Minnesota Department of Public Safety (DPS). Its website is dps.mn.gov, and the manual sends you to drive.mn.gov for online services.

Can you take the Minnesota permit test online?

No. The Class D written test is taken in person at a DVS exam station, on paper or a computer. What you can do online is book the test, fill in the pre-application and, if you're under 18, take the classroom part of driver education through a DVS-approved online program.

How do I schedule my permit test in Minnesota?

Book a Class D written test appointment through DVS online services. Appointments are required, and you can't just walk in for the car test. Fill in the online pre-application no more than 30 days before and bring the confirmation page.

What happens if I fail the Minnesota written test?

You can take only one written test a day, so you'll come back another day and try again. If you fail two in a row, DVS charges $10 for the third try and each one after that.

What are the rules for driving with a permit in Minnesota?

Under 18, a licensed driver aged 21 or older must sit in the front passenger seat, everyone must buckle up, and you can't use a phone at all, even hands-free. At 18 or older, the supervising driver must be at least 18. The permit is valid for two years.

What is a Class D license in Minnesota?

It's the regular driver's license, the most common one. It covers cars, pickups and other single vehicles under 26,001 pounds, plus mopeds and, with an endorsement, motorcycles. The Class D written test is the knowledge test you take for your first permit.

How old do you have to be for a Minnesota driver's license?

You can get an instruction permit at 15 and a provisional license at 16, after six months on the permit, driver education and a road test. A full under-21 license comes at 18, or after 12 months on a provisional license with a clean record.

Is there a free Minnesota permit practice test?

Yes. DVS has a free Class D Practice Knowledge Test with 25 questions and an answer key, each one pointing to the chapter of the manual it comes from. The 20 questions on this page are free too, with an explanation for every answer.

All 20 practice questions with answersA printable list of the practice test above
  1. What is the youngest age at which you can get a Minnesota instruction permit?

    15 The manual says you must be at least 15 to get an instruction permit. Under 18, you also need to have started an approved driver education course before you can take the written test.

  2. You're 16 and driving on your instruction permit. Who must be with you?

    A licensed driver aged 21 or older Under 18, a permit holder must be supervised by a licensed driver aged 21 or older. If you're 18 or older, the supervising driver only has to be 18 or older.

  3. Your parents don't take the parent class. How much supervised driving must your log show before you can get a provisional license?

    50 hours, including 15 at night Without the parent class, the Supervised Driving Log must show at least 50 hours, 15 of them at night. If a parent completes the class from an approved driver education program, the total drops to 40 hours, still with 15 at night.

  4. In the first six months of a provisional license, when may you not drive (unless an exception applies)?

    Midnight to 5 a.m. For the first six months, provisional drivers can't drive from midnight to 5 a.m. The exceptions are driving with a licensed driver at least 25, between home and work, between home and a school event without school transportation, or for work.

  5. True or false: If you're under 18 and driving on a permit, you may talk on your phone as long as it's hands-free.

    False False. Under 18, permit holders may not use or talk on a cell phone while driving, with or without a hands-free device. The same rule applies to provisional license holders.

  6. Orange diamond reading ROAD WORK 1000 FT

    What does an orange sign like this one usually tell you?

    You're in a construction or work zone In Minnesota, orange warning signs are used in construction and work zones. Slow down and watch for lane changes, detours and people working.

  7. Fluorescent yellow-green pentagon with two children walking

    This sign warns you that:

    A school or school crosswalk is ahead The pentagon shape is used for school zone and school crossing signs. They're yellow or fluorescent yellow-green. Watch for children and be ready to stop.

  8. Traffic signal with the red light lit and flash marks around it

    You come to this traffic light and it keeps flashing. What must you do?

    Treat it like a stop sign: stop fully, then go when it's safe The manual says to come to a complete stop at a flashing red light and treat it as you would a stop sign. Then go when the way is clear.

  9. Three-section traffic signal with the top red light lit

    You're stopped at this light and want to turn right. There's no sign about turns. What may you do?

    Stop completely, then turn right when the way is clear After a full stop, you may turn right on red when the intersection is clear and traffic is allowed in that direction. If a No Turn on Red sign is posted, wait for the green.

  10. How far before a turn must you start signaling?

    At least 100 feet Turn on your signal at least 100 feet before turning, and keep it on until you've finished the turn or lane change.

  11. Unless signs say otherwise, what is the speed limit on urban or town roads?

    30 mph The manual lists 30 mph on urban or town roads, 10 mph in alleys and 55 mph in other places not listed, unless signs show another limit.

  12. How close to a fire hydrant may you park?

    No closer than 10 feet You may not park within 10 feet of a fire hydrant. Other no-parking distances include 20 feet from a crosswalk at an intersection and 50 feet from the nearest rail of a railroad crossing.

  13. A sign says a lane is closed ahead and traffic is backing up. What does Minnesota's zipper merge ask you to do?

    Stay in your lane until the merge point, then take turns merging When traffic is backing up, stay in your current lane until the point of merge, then take turns with other drivers. The manual says this can cut the length of backups by up to 40 percent.

  14. A school bus is stopped with its red lights flashing. How far away must you stop?

    At least 20 feet Stop at least 20 feet from the bus and stay stopped until the red lights stop flashing. This applies whether you're behind the bus or facing it, unless you're going the other way on a divided highway.

  15. You're on a road with two lanes in your direction. A police car is stopped on the shoulder with its lights flashing. What should you do?

    Move to the lane farthest from it if it's safe Minnesota's Move Over Law says to move to the lane farthest from a stopped emergency vehicle with flashing lights, if it's safe. If you can't, slow down and pass with care. The same applies to tow trucks, road crews and other vehicles stopped with warning lights.

  16. You and another driver reach a four-way stop at the same time. The other car is on your right. Who goes first?

    The driver on the right At all-way stops, when two drivers arrive at the same time, the driver on the left yields to the driver on the right.

  17. How much space must you leave when passing a bicyclist?

    At least 3 feet You must keep at least 3 feet between the side of your car and the bicyclist. When it's safe, you may cross the center of the road to pass, even in a no-passing zone.

  18. Roads are slippery with snow. What following distance does the manual suggest?

    Four or five seconds The three-second rule is for ideal conditions. When road conditions are poor, or you're driving a longer vehicle, increase it to a four- or five-second count.

  19. At night, you must switch to low beams when an oncoming vehicle comes within:

    1,000 feet Use low beams when you're within 1,000 feet of an oncoming vehicle, or following another vehicle at 200 feet or less.

  20. At what alcohol concentration can a driver of a regular car be arrested for driving while impaired (DWI) in Minnesota?

    0.08 or higher A person with an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or higher can be arrested for DWI. If an officer can prove alcohol caused driving errors, a driver can be arrested with a level as low as 0.04. For commercial vehicles, the limit is 0.04.